Respiratory System A&P Exam Prep Guide
Anatomy, Physiology & Practice Questions
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Master the essentials of respiratory system anatomy and physiology with this comprehensive digital guide. Featuring detailed illustrations, thorough explanations, and targeted practice questions, this resource is perfect for CMA exam prep or academic review. Designed for efficient learning, it’s ideal for students, educators, and professionals seeking mastery and confidence in respiratory topics.
📌 Primary Functions
• Supplies oxygen to the bloodstream
• Removes carbon dioxide
• Maintains acid–base balance (pH)
• Supports speech and smell
🧬 Major Organs & Structures
• Nose & nasal cavity – filters and warms air
• Pharynx – airway passage
• Larynx – voice production
• Trachea – main airway
• Bronchi – air passageways to the lungs
• Bronchioles – smaller airways
• Alveoli – gas exchange sacs
• Lungs – house respiratory structures
• Diaphragm – breathing muscle
🔄 Breathing Process
Inhalation:
• Diaphragm contracts
• Lungs expand
• Oxygen enters the bloodstream
Exhalation:
• Diaphragm relaxes
• Carbon dioxide leaves the body
🧠 Common Medical Terms
• Dyspnea – difficulty breathing
• Tachypnea – rapid breathing
• Apnea – absence of breathing
• Hypoxia – low oxygen level
• Spirometry – lung function test
• Ventilation – air movement in/out of lungs
🩺 Common Disorders
• Asthma
• Bronchitis
• Pneumonia
• COPD
• Emphysema
• Tuberculosis
🧪Common Disorders
• Pulse oximetry
• Chest X-ray
• Spirometry
• Arterial blood gases (ABGs)
💡 Clinical Tips (CMA Exam Focus)
• Normal respiratory rate (adult): 12–20 breaths/min
• Oxygen saturation normal: 95–100%
• High Fowler’s position improves breathing
• Use a pulse oximeter on the finger or the earlobe
• Report shortness of breath immediately
📘 Quick Study Reminder
🫁 Oxygen in → Carbon dioxide out
📊 Measure: rate, rhythm, depth
🩺 Assess before assisting